Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management bases these estimates and assumptions upon historical experience, existing and known circumstances, authoritative accounting pronouncements and other factors that management believes to be reasonable. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to revenue recognition, inventory and rental asset valuations and write-downs, accounts receivable allowances for bad debts, returns and adjustments, stock compensation expense, impairment assessments, depreciation and amortization, income tax provision and uncertain tax positions, fair value of financial instruments, and fair values of acquired intangibles. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Income taxes pronouncements:

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes. This ASU requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in a statement of financial position. The Company early adopted ASU No. 2015-17 effective December 31, 2015 on a prospective basis. Adoption of this ASU resulted in a reclassification of the Company’s net current deferred tax asset to the net noncurrent deferred tax asset in the Company’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. No prior periods were retrospectively adjusted.

Revenue recognition pronouncements:

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU No. 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU No. 2014-09 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP.

In August 2015, the FASB decided to delay the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year. The FASB also agreed to allow entities to choose to adopt the standard as of the original effective date. As such, the updated standard will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018, with the option to adopt it in the first quarter of 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the Company’s pending adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 on the Company’s financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which the Company will adopt the standard.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue with Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus net), which is an amendment to ASU No. 2014-09 that improved the operability and understandability of implementation guidance versus agent considerations by clarifying the determination of principal versus agent.  The implementation guidelines follow ASU No. 2014-09.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue with Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which is an amendment to ASU No. 2014-09 that clarifies the aspects of identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementing guidance, while retaining the related principles within those areas.  The implementation guidelines follow ASU No. 2014-09.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue with Contracts with Customers: Narrow-scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which is an amendment to ASU No. 2014-09 that clarifies the objective of the collectability criterion, to allow entities to exclude amounts collected from customers from all sales taxes from the transaction price, to specify the measurement date for noncash consideration is contract inception, variable consideration guidance applies only to variability resulting from reasons other than the form of the consideration, and clarification on contract modifications at transition.  The implementation guidelines follow ASU No. 2014-09.

Inventory pronouncements:  

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The ASU requires entities to measure most inventory “at the lower of cost and net realizable value” thereby simplifying the current guidance under which an entity must measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. The ASU is effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods. Early application is permitted and should be applied prospectively. The adoption of ASU No. 2015-11 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Leases pronouncements:

On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new guidance will require organizations that lease assets—referred to as “lessees”—to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. This will increase the reported assets and liabilities – in some cases very significantly. ASU No. 2016-02 will take effect for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption will be permitted for all entities. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of the new lease recognition guidance and has not yet determined the impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Stock compensation pronouncements:

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Certain amendments related to ASU No. 2016-09 are implemented with changes recognized on a modified retrospective transition method, retrospectively as well as prospectively. Early application is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual period. If early adoption is elected during an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. If early adoption is elected, all of the amendments must be adopted in the same period. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 and its impact to the financial statements is still being reviewed by the Company, and early adoption has not yet been determined.

Financial instruments pronouncements:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Accounting for Credit Losses (Topic 326). The new standard requires the use of an “expected loss” model on certain types of financial instruments.  The standard also amends the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and requires estimated credit losses to be recorded as allowances instead of reductions to amortized cost of the securities.  The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted.  The Company is evaluating the new guidance but does not expect it to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or results.

Statement of cash flows pronouncements:

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). The standard is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows.  The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted.  The Company is evaluating the new guidance but does not expect it to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or results.